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Soluble adenylyl cyclase
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a regulatory cytosolic enzyme present in almost every cell. sAC is a source of cyclic adenosine 3’,5’ monophosphate (cAMP) – a second messenger that mediates cell growth and differentiation in organisms from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. sAC differentiates from the transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmACs) – an important source of cAMP; in that sAC is regulated by bicarbonate anions and it is dispersed throughout the cell cytoplasm. sAC has been found to have various functions in physiological systems different from that of the tmACs.
==Genomic context and summary==
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sAC is encoded in a single Homo sapiens gene identified as ADCY10 or Adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble). This gene packed down 33 exons that comprise greater than 100kb; though, it seems to utilize multiple promoters,〔Geng W, Wang Z, Zhang J et al. Cloning and characterization of the human soluble adenylyl cyclase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288: C1305–C1316〕 and its mRNA undergoes extensive alternative splicing.〔〔
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